Testicular+Cancer

**Sam Stern**
__ Testicular Cancer __ __ Statistics __ __ Facts __ -found in testes but sometimes spreads to the lymph nodes -radiation is very effective treatment || -more common, grows quicker than Seminomas -tumors are made up of more than one cell: Choriocarcinoma, Embryonal carcinoma, Teratoma, Yolk Sac tumor ||
 * About 8,590 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in 2012
 * About 360 of these men will die from testicular cancer
 * In the last decade, the rate of testicular cancer in the United States and other countries has increased
 * The risk of contracting this cancer in a lifetime is 1 in 270
 * The risk of dying is 1 in 50,00 because of effective treatment methods
 * Specific cause of testicular cancer unknown
 * Possible catalysts are abnormal testicle development, history of undescended testicle, Klinefelter syndrome, HIV, and exposure to chemicals
 * This cancer usually affects men ages 15-35, with some rare cases affecting older men and young boys
 * Cancer grows from the germ cells that produce sperm
 * There are two main types of testicular cancer: Seminoma and Nonseminoma
 * Seminoma || Nonseminoma ||
 * -slow-growing cancer found in men in 30-40s

__ Symptoms __ __ Screening and Diagnosis __ __ Treatment __ Stage I is contained in the testicle Stage II has spread to nearby lymph nodes in the abdomen Stage III has metastasized to other parts of the body
 * Pain in the testicle
 * Pain in lower back or abdomen
 * Engorging of testicle
 * Excessive development of breast tissue in younger boys
 * Lump or swelling in either testicle
 * Physical examination will reveal a firm lump that does not allow light through it
 * United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends regular self-examination because no known effective screening technique exists
 * Abdominal and pelvic CT Scan
 * Blood tests that reveal tumor markers such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), lactic dehydrogenase
 * Chest x-ray
 * Ultrasound of scrotum
 * Treatment, as with all other cancers, depends on type of testicular tumor and stage of the tumor
 * Testicular cancer has stages, much like breast cancer
 * In cases of Nonseminomas and Seminomas treatment includes orchiectomies, which remove the testicle and/or lymphadenectomies which remove the lymph nodes
 * Radiation therapy is used only in patients with Seminoma testicular cancer
 * Chemotherapy is highly effective for patients with both Nonseminoma and Seminoma testicular cancer



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